Brassica Triangle

Brassica carinata shares one whole-genome triplication event with the five other species in Us triangle a classic model of evolution and polyploidy in Brassica. The theory states that the genomesof three ancestral species of Brassicacombined to create three of the common modern vegetablesand oilseedcrop species.

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However comprehensive understanding of Brassica genome evolution.

Brassica triangle. The characteristics of Brassicamt genomic structures also supported the phylogenetic results. For example three diploid species in the Brassicaceae family Brassica rapa field mustard or turnip AA 2 n 20 B. Napus AC and B.

The Us triangle model describes the relationship among brassica crops Six species of the genus Brassica are used widely throughout the world as oilseed condiments fodder or vegetable crops. Warwick Francis and Al-Shehbaz 2006 have prepared a checklist and a current taxonomic database for the family on CD-ROM. The triangle of Uis a theory about the evolution and relationships between members of the plantgenusBrassica.

It has since been confirmed by studies of DNA and proteins. Three diploid species Brassica rapa Brassica nigra and Brassica oleracea which represent the AA BB and CC genomes are shown. Oleracea C and derived allotetraploids B.

Brassica nigra BB also called black mustard is grown as a condiment crop in India. Nigra represents the B genome of Us triangle and is one of the progenitor species of B. Relationships between diploid and amphidiploid crop-founding Brassica species the triangle of U.

Napus but later than B. Juncea AABB an important oilseed crop of the Indian subcontinent. The concept of Us triangle which revealed the importance of polyploidization in plant genome evolution described natural allopolyploidization events in Brassica using three diploids B.

Within the genus Brassica the classic triangle of U 27 consists of six crop species including three functional diploid species at each point of the triangle B. Also on CD-ROM are chromosome numbers from the literature for 686 of the genera and 420 of the Brassicaceae species Warwick and Al. Carinata permitted their analysis for morphological traits chromosome.

Rapa A genome B. Direct evidence for genome changes after polyploidization was obtained by studying synthetic amphidiploids Song et al 1993. Wester may have been maternally derived from the common ancestor of B.

Artiﬁcial synthesis of three analogues of B. Nigra B and B. Nigra black mustard BB 2 n 16 and B.

Also shown are three allotetraploid species Brassica juncea Brassica napus and Brassica carinata which are hybrid combinations of the basic genomes. The concept of Us triangle which revealed the importance of polyploidization in plant genome evolution described natural allopolyploidization events in Brassica using three diploids B. Another allotetraploid taxon Brassica napuscv.

Brassica carinata was deduced to have formed 0047 Mya which is slightly earlier than B. The genus Brassica Brassicaceae Brassiceae is closely related to the model plant Arabidopsis and includes several important crop plants such as oilseed rape Canola brown mustard Chinese cabbage turnip cabbage cauliflower and broccoli. Carinata Ethiopian mustard BBCC 2 n 34.

The genus Brassica and its wild relatives is made up of 48 genera and approximately 240 species Warwick and Hall 2009. Juncea AB genome B. Brassica species within the triangle of U.

Rapaand Brassica oleraceaole andor have undergone an extra hybridization events along its evolutionary history. Napus oilseed rape AACC 2 n 38 and B. Oleracea wild cabbage CC 2 n 18 have hybridized to give rise to three allotetraploid species B.

Juncea Indian mustard AABB 2 n 36 B.

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